MySQL UPPER() Functions – String Functions

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MySQL UPPER() Functions: Syntax

UPPER ( string )

MySQL UPPER() Functions: Description

UPPER() functions convert all the characters in a string to uppercase characters according to the current character set mapping.

The default character set is utf8mb4.

UPPER() does not work when applied to binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB). To perform lettercase conversion of a binary string, first convert it to a nonbinary string using a character set appropriate for the data stored in the string. See example 1

For collations of Unicode character sets, UPPER() work according to the Unicode Collation Algorithm (UCA) version in the collation name, if there is one, and UCA 4.0.0 if no version is specified. For example, utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci and utf8_unicode_520_ci work according to UCA 9.0.0 and 5.2.0, respectively, whereas utf8_unicode_ci works according to UCA 4.0.0. See Section 10.10.1, “Unicode Character Sets”.

Note : This function is multibyte safe.
Tip : UCASE() used within views is rewritten as UPPER().

MySQL UPPER() Functions: Parameter

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Name, Required /Optional, Description
string,Required, The input string which needs to be converted to uppercase characters.
[/table]

MySQL UPPER() Functions: Output

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Returns
Uppercase of input string
[/table]

MySQL UPPER() Functions: Available from

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Version, MySQL 4.0
[/table]

MySQL UPPER() Functions: Example 1

This will work in mysql version 8.

mysql> SET @str = BINARY 'Tutorial'; 

mysql> SELECT UPPER(@str), UPPER(CONVERT(@str USING utf8mb4));
+-------------+------------------------------------+
| UPPER(@str) | UPPER(CONVERT(@str USING utf8mb4)) |
+-------------+------------------------------------+
| Tutorial    | TUTORIAL                           |
+-------------+------------------------------------+

This will work in previous versions of MySQL :

In the below example UPPER() function will not work with binary variables :

mysql> SELECT UPPER(BINARY 'Tutorial'); 
+------------------------------------+
UPPER(BINARY 'Tutorial')
+------------------------------------+
| 8411711611111410597108 |
+------------------------------------+

In below example UPPER() function will work with binary variables using characterset conversion :

mysql> SELECT UPPER(CONVERT(BINARY 'Tutorial' USING utf8mb4));
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
UPPER(CONVERT(BINARY 'Tutorial' USING utf8mb4))
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TUTORIAL |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

MySQL UPPER() Functions: Example 2

mysql> SELECT UPPER('tutorialmines.net') ;
+------------------------------------+
| UPPER('tutorialmines.net') |
+------------------------------------+
| TUTORIALMINES.NET                           |
+------------------------------------+

See all MySQL String functions MySQL 8 String Functions.

Related articles : CONCAT(), CONCAT_WS() , UCASE(), LOWER(), LCASE(), FIELD().

PHP Related articles : STRTOLOWER(), STRTOUPPER(), LCFIRST(), UCFIRST(), UCWORDS(), PHP STRING FUNCTIONS().

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